ALAN MATHISON TURING OBE, FRS
was born on this date (d: 1954); An English mathematician, logician and
cryptographer. Turing is considered to be the father of modern computer
science. Turing provided an influential formalization of the concept of
the algorithm and computation with "the Turing machine," formulating
the now widely accepted "Turing" version of the Churq-Turing thesis,
namely that any practical computing model has either the equivalent or a
subset of the capabilities of a Turing machine.
With the Turing
Test, he made a significant and characteristically provocative
contribution to the debate regarding artificial intelligence: whether it
will ever be possible to say that a machine is conscious and can
think.
The "standard
interpretation" of the Turing Test, in which player C, the interrogator,
is given the task of trying to determine which player – A or B – is a
computer and which is a human. The interrogator is limited to using the
responses to written questions to make the determination.
He later worked
at the National Physical Laboratory, creating one of the first designs
for a stored-program computer, although it was never actually built. In
1948 he moved to the University of Manchester to work on the Manchester
Mark I, then emerging as one of the world's earliest true computers.
During WWII
Turing worked at Bletchley Park, Britain's code-breaking center, and was
for a time head of Hut 8, the section responsible for German naval
crypto-analysis. He devised a number of techniques for breaking German
ciphers, including the method of the “bombe,” an electromagnetic machine
that could find settings for the Enigma machine.
The 2014 film, The Imitation Game
is Turing's story. The title refers to Turing's proposed test of the
same name, which he discussed in his 1950 paper on artificial
intelligence entitled "Computing Machinery." In 1952, Turing was
convicted of "acts of gross indecency" after admitting to a sexual
relationship with a man in Manchester. He was placed on probation and
required to undergo estrogen therapy to achieve temporary chemical
castration. The treatment caused him great anxiety and physical pain. An
avid runner, he was no longer able to enjoy this exercise.
Turing died after
eating an apple laced with cyanide in 1954. His death was ruled a
suicide, but this was controversial and many think he may have been
murdered to silence him.
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