Monday, December 15, 2025

Via The Tricycle Community \\\ From the Academy: Dāna

 

DECEMBER 2025
From the Academy
Welcome to From the Academy, a monthly newsletter for Premium subscribers offering a scholarly take on topics in Buddhist thought and practice. Each issue highlights a key theme and points to further readings and videos for exploration, developed in collaboration with the Ho Family Foundation Buddhism Public Scholar in residence at Tricycle.
Dāna
Burmese nuns waiting for alms. | Staffan Scherz / flickr Creative Commons

The Buddha’s path takes a turn with an unexpected offering. A young woman named Sujata, believing Siddhartha to be a local tree spirit, presents him with milk-rice porridge after his years of asceticism. His acceptance of her gift marked an important shift toward the middle way and underscores a key fact of Buddhist life: Practitioners have always relied on the contributions of others.

This giving, or dāna, is the most fundamental form of merit-making in Buddhism. It can refer to an offered object, the act, or the intention behind it. From the earliest narratives onward, giving creates the relationships that allow Buddhist communities to flourish.

Dāna and the Sangha

Buddhist sanghas have long depended on lay generosity. The donation of alms food to monastics is a paradigmatic form of dāna, but it also includes monetary gifts, cloth, royal land grants, and temple construction. The monastic community is considered a field of merit (Skt.: puṇya-kṣetra) because of its conduct and vows; lay donors participate in this merit through their offerings. 

Yet giving has never flowed in only one direction. Inscriptions and ledgers show that monastics themselves made significant contributions to communal projects. This circulation of material resources has long provided the framework through which Buddhist teachings continue and through which Buddhist institutions often become central to local economies.
The Practice

Dāna is ideally undertaken without attachment or expectation of reward, even as Buddhist literature highlights the exalted results of generosity. Giving aligns a donor’s intentions with the social realities they inhabit; it is both a personal discipline and a way to engage in a communal world. Generosity paradoxically transcends the self while also generating personal benefit.

Classified as the first perfection (Skt.: pāramitā; Pali: pāramī), dāna can be gradually strengthened through training. Small acts loosen attachment and cultivate the habit of giving, while larger acts extend one’s sense of responsibility to others. Generosity also includes nonmaterial forms of assistance: sharing attention, joy, and kindness, or offering caregiving and volunteer labor. Within Mahayana thought, giving is framed through emptiness, in which giver, gift, and recipient are interdependent and lack fixed essences. This understanding of dāna highlights the relational fabric on which Buddhism depends.
In the spirit of dāna, consider making a donation to our end-of-year campaign. Your support helps to nourish a community dedicated to waking up together.
Dāna in the West

The Buddhist landscape in the West has shifted. Lay-centered practice and more egalitarian structures altered the traditional “merit economy,” in which dāna was directed toward monastic communities. Western temples and dharma centers often rely on membership and program fees, shaped by nonprofit norms and cultural reluctance to discuss financial needs. These patterns can obscure the importance of contributions in supporting teachers and institutions. Without a steady income, many communities—especially those led by aging or immigrant teachers—struggle to remain viable. These conditions invite renewed attention to how dāna might be applied within contemporary Buddhist life.
Theravada Buddhist monk Ajaan Geoff goes for alms round in Portland, Oregon. | Mary Reinard / Wikimedia Commons
Why It Still Matters

Rediscovering—and, in some cases, reformulating—the spirit of dāna can counter the hyperindividualism of contemporary life. Giving situates people in relationships, affirming interdependence and the possibility of mutual growth. Even small gestures can affect teachers, institutions, and the dharma. 

Buddhist communities continue to explore ways to center generosity, whether through humanitarian aid, charitable projects, pop-up events, or food distribution. These efforts echo patterns visible from the tradition’s earliest narratives. When Sujata offered porridge to Siddhartha, she acted with sincerity and the means available to her. Such ordinary and relational gestures have long bolstered Buddhist life, and they remain essential today.
Additional Material
  • Bhikkhu Bodhi, ed., Dana: The Practice of Giving (Access to Insight, BCBS Edition, 2013). A collection of short essays drawing on canonical and commentarial sources, offering historical, doctrinal, and practical perspectives on dāna.
     
  • Maria Heim, Theories of the Gift in South Asia: Hindu, Buddhist, and Jain Reflections on Dāna (New York: Routledge, 2004). A comparative study of Hindu, Buddhist, and Jain scholastic analysis of dāna, offering a clear account of how South Asian traditions theorized giving beyond reciprocity.
     
  • Āryadānapāramitā Nāmamāhāyana Sūtra (The Noble Great Vehicle Sutra “The Perfection of Generosity”), translated by the Dharmachakra Translation Committee (84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha, 2019). A Mahayana sutra in which the Buddha explains how bodhisattvas practice the perfection of generosity, emphasizing compassionate motivation and detailing the different kinds of offerings and the qualities they cultivate.
Follow Us

               
© 2021 Tricycle Foundation
89 5th Ave, New York, NY 10003

Via Daily Dharma: The Phenomena of Dharma

 

Support the Tricycle community with a donation »
The Phenomena of Dharma

People are beings, and so are animals and plants, so are stones and clouds, so are postulations and images that appear in dreams. The dharma is phenomena and the world of phenomena.

Robert Aitken, “The Nature of the Precepts”


CLICK HERE TO READ THE ARTICLE
Writing in Exile
Bhuchung D. Sonam in conversation with James Shaheen
Tricycle’s editor-in-chief sits down with Bhuchung D. Sonam to discuss how writing has helped him navigate life in exile, why he views art as a form of resistance, and how literature can serve as a bridge across cultures.

Via Dhamma Wheel | Right View: Understanding the Noble Truth of the Way to the Cessation of Suffering

 

TRICYCLE      COURSE CATALOG      SUPPORT      DONATE
RIGHT VIEW
Understanding the Noble Truth of the Way to the Cessation of Suffering
And what is the way leading to the cessation of suffering? It is just this noble eightfold path: that is, right view, right intention, right speech, right action, right living, right effort, right mindfulness, right concentration. (MN 9)

This is one thing proclaimed by the Buddha who knows and sees, accomplished and fully awakened: If a person abides diligent, ardent, and resolute, their unliberated mind comes to be liberated, their undestroyed toxins come to be destroyed, and they attain supreme security from bondage. (MN 52)
Reflection
We come now to the fourth noble truth, the path. Defining suffering, understanding its source, and recognizing that it can be stopped (the first three noble truths) are relatively straightforward, but the path to accomplish the end of suffering is infinitely varied. Eight path factors are enumerated, but each culture, each generation, perhaps even each individual treads this eightfold path in a unique way.
Daily Practice
The promise of the path leading to the end of suffering is that the transformation of suffering is possible and attainable. Here we are told quite directly that the path is there and that it does lead to the goal of liberating the mind. But it takes effort, and a large part of the practice is learning to "abide diligent, ardent, and resolute." See what these words mean in your own experience and bring this commitment to all you do.
Tomorrow: Cultivating Equanimity
One week from today: Understanding the Noble Truth of Suffering

Share your thoughts and join the conversation on social media
#DhammaWheel

Questions?
 Visit the Dhamma Wheel orientation page.
Tricycle is a nonprofit and relies on your support to keep its wheels turning.
© 2025 Tricycle Foundation
89 5th Ave, New York, NY 10003

Sunday, December 14, 2025

Via The Tricycle Community \\\\ Not Knowing Is Most Intimate

 

Support the Tricycle community with a donation »
This essay is from our new Substack, a growing home for Buddhist community and conversation. Join our Substack today to receive weekly essays like the one below in your inbox. 

As a Tricycle subscriber, you have full access to the Tricycle Substack for free. In addition to the weekly essays, you'll have the opportunity to chat with other readers and Tricycle editors.

Click here and fill out the form to unlock your free access.
Illustration by David Huang

Not Knowing Is Most Intimate 

Why meditate when the world is a hot mess?

By Daisy Lin
The first time I tried to meditate in a sangha, it was anything but peaceful. As I settled onto the cushion, trying to still my fidgeting body, a giant sneeze gathered force inside me, threatening to shatter the silence of the entire meditation hall. Tears slid from the corners of my eyes as I suppressed the inner convulsing, and, desperate for a distraction, I proceeded to project onto my mind’s screen the climactic end scene from the film Pride & Prejudice, the 2005 edition starring Keira Knightley.

Cut to: Elizabeth Bennet steps out into a lush open field of the English countryside in the early dawn. Off in the foggy distance, she sees a silhouette moving steadily toward her. As the sun rises and the piano concerto swells, the dashing figure reveals itself to be Mr. Darcy, his black trenchcoat billowing behind him. He approaches, and the scene culminates in the sun-drenched embrace we had been eagerly anticipating.

It was working: no sneeze! I proceeded to replay that scene over and over for the rest of the meditation period as a preventive measure.

Not the most auspicious start to my meditation journey but certainly memorable.

Nearly twenty years later, I still meditate. Somehow, that sneeze was the gateway. How did I keep meditating after that first uncomfortable sit?

It had everything to do with the fact that my life was falling apart. Unlike the fairytale ending of the film, my marriage was not drawing to a happily-ever-after. My girlhood dreams were instead unraveling in a painful, chaotic nightmare.

At that moment, I had no idea what was about to happen: the dissolution, collapse, rebuilding, and rebirth that were to follow in the subsequent years. All of my illusions of a perfect life with the person I thought I would spend the rest of my days with were coming apart. Still in denial, I was frantically trying to plug the holes, but the leakage was worsening and the dam was about to break.
In that surrender to something bigger than myself, there was the faintest flicker of relief.
In this fugue state, I visited the Los Angeles Compassionate Heart Sangha on a Sunday morning. They were chanting the Heart Sutra that day, and we bowed to the various bodhisattvas: of compassion, of great understanding, of great action. Having been raised with a Christian background, it all sounded like gibberish to me. And yet, as I knelt and put my head to the ground and felt the support of the earth beneath me, something loosened. For the first time in months, I stopped trying to hold everything together. In that surrender to something bigger than myself, there was the faintest flicker of relief.

So I kept going back.
 

The Gate of Not Knowing


“Not knowing is most intimate” is one of the best-known Zen koans, and it met me where I was: stripped of certainty, exposed, and undone. I had spent years constructing a life according to a plan: marriage, house, success, control. When it collapsed, the scaffolding of who I thought I was dissolved too. Only then could I begin to see who was left and what was real.

Terrifying as it was, not knowing became the doorway. When there is nowhere to hide, life grows vivid. You begin to meet reality raw, unscripted.

Not knowing ushered me through the dharma gate. I never would have walked through it and followed a friend into a sangha if I hadn’t been at my wit’s end. And I never would have been able to release, grieve, do the healing work, and reconstruct my life, a transformative process that took years and made me more free and aware than I would have been otherwise.

Here’s how the famous Zen story goes:

Dizang asked Fayan, “Where are you going?”
Fayan said, “Around on pilgrimage.”
Dizang said, “What is the purpose of pilgrimage?”
Fayan said, “I don’t know.”
Dizang said, “Not knowing is most intimate.”

Unloading the Baggage

After the divorce, I had to clear out a storage unit on Silver Lake Boulevard in Los Angeles. Everything that once filled a home was heaped there: furniture, books, dishes, and other relics of a vanished life sealed behind a padlock. After a year of rebuilding, it finally came time to face this Pandora’s box.

When I finally unsealed it, I gasped. I hadn’t noticed when I booked that third-floor “bargain” unit that the ceiling was uncovered, with just a few wires running across the top, and semiexposed to the elements. All the piles of furniture, stacks of books, housewares, and mementos were covered by a thick layer of dust and bird feathers from floor to ceiling. Flabbergasted, I broke down in tears, not knowing how I was going to move this molten mountain of baggage.
There is a choice in moments of not knowing: Will we shrink and give in to fear? Or will we turn toward what life is presenting, bravely, gently, fortified with support and tenderness from the practice?
Then I did what I’d been practicing: I kept sitting, and I kept breathing. I leaned on my family and the sangha for emotional support. Weekend after weekend, I went alone to that dimly lit unit and sorted through the rubble, covering my nose while wiping off the dust and feathers. I gave away what no longer belonged. A sangha friend took much of the art and housewares. A nonprofit moved out the boxes of books. Slowly but surely, I was getting lighter.

Three months later, I was done. FedEx carried off the final boxes to my ex. A giant weight lifted off my chest. I was free to move forward.

There is a choice in moments of not knowing: Will we shrink and give in to fear? Or will we turn toward what life is presenting, bravely, gently, fortified with support and tenderness from the practice? Will we become curious, sift through the mess, let go of our delusions, move forward, and witness what happens when we keep the space open?

Every time I have been in a period of not knowing, it has meant it was time to give birth to something new.
 

The Collective Unknowing


“Be calm when the unthinkable arrives.”—Timothy D. Snyder, On Tyranny: Twenty Lessons from the Twentieth Century

We are collectively facing a time of not knowing right now. Rising inequality, ignorance, cruelty, brutality, greed, corruption, violence, climate disasters, and authoritarianism are sweeping the globe against a background of astounding technological change that threatens to upend everything we have assumed about how things work and what is true.

What I learned sitting on a cushion in my darkest hour may be the very thing the world needs now. Buddhism begins not with denial but with recognition. The first of the four noble truths flat out says it: There is suffering. And yet Thich Nhat Hanh calls the four noble truths the way of understanding and love. To acknowledge suffering is not to drown in it but to see clearly. Then we can look into its causes, stop the madness, and walk the path that frees.

Transformation always begins from the inside out.

When Stillness Becomes Action

Recently, I met my teacher, Valerie Forstman, at the Mountain Cloud Zen Center. I complained that the world was going to hell in a handbasket and everything seemed futile.

“What’s the point?” I asked.

Her voice rose with urgency. “You are alive, Daisy, and you get to practice!”

The words landed like a bell strike. Wake up. This is it. Do the work in front of you.

How can we just sit still when there is so much to do? Meditation teacher Sylvia Boorstein flips the cliché: “Don’t just do something, sit there!” The truth is, we need both. Action without clarity breeds more confusion. Meditation without action is like riding a cart without a horse. Every day we try our best to do both, even when things are a hot mess, even when we feel weak, flawed, and overwhelmed. We sit, and we ask, “What can I do to help?”
Wake up. This is it. Do the work in front of you.
Why practice when the world is on fire? So that we don’t fan the flames with our fear and anxiety. So that we can respond with steadiness, grounded in the solidity of dharma. We don’t need to save the world; we just do what is within our capacity in the moment. So that we can live a life we can respect.

We practice together for those who can’t, and in that shared silence, we remember we’re not alone.

The River and the Pilgrimage

My friend Sara once sent me an inspiring message from Hopi elders:

This could be a good time! There is a river flowing now very fast. It is so great and swift that there are those who will be afraid. They will try to hold on to the shore. They will feel they are being torn apart and will suffer greatly. Know that the river has its destination. The elders say we must let go of the shore, push off into the middle of the river, keep our eyes open and our heads above the water. And I say, see who is in there with you, and celebrate. At this time in history, we are to take nothing personally, least of all ourselves. For the moment that we do, our spiritual growth and journey come to a halt. The time of the lone wolf is over. Gather yourselves! Banish the word “struggle” from your attitude and your vocabulary. All that we do now must be done in a sacred manner and in celebration. We are the ones we’ve been waiting for.

What a gift, to be here, alive this day, this hour, this second, floating together in this river. Practicing love and engagement in a divided world and meeting each moment on this pilgrimage open and unarmored: how challenging, how beautiful, how alive. Not knowing is most intimate.
Daisy Lin is an Emmy Award–winning journalist whose work has been published by NBC News, Huffington Post, Thrive Global, and more. She is a longtime member of the Caretaking Council of Los Angeles Compassionate Heart Sangha and a student at the Mountain Cloud Zen Center in Santa Fe, New Mexico.
Explore Substack »
Follow Us
                    
Forward to a friend »
Tricycle is a nonprofit and relies on your support to keep its wheels turning.
Copyright © 2025 Tricycle Foundation
All rights reserved.
89 5th Ave | New York, NY 10003