Rena Kure Deputy Head Priest Zenryu Kawakami at Shunkoin temple in Kyoto, Japan.
Same-sex marriages are not legal in Japan. However, there is a Japanese Buddhist temple
where lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender people and members of
other sexual minority groups can wed: the Shunkoin temple in Hanazono,
Kyoto. Same-sex couples from around the world visit the temple.
How did the Shunkoin temple start holding LGBT wedding ceremonies?
HuffPost Japan posed the question to the Rev. Taka Zenryu Kawakami,
deputy head priest at Shunkoin.
The priest admits he was prejudiced
against the LGBT community when he was younger. "I am not gay myself,
and there were no LGBT people around me when I was growing up. The old
me was prejudiced against sexual minorities," he said.
Kawakami was born into a family that
has produced Shunkoin chief priests for generations. After graduating
from the Hanazono School (which is affiliated with Rinzai Buddhism's
Myoshinji temple), he studied English at Rice University in Texas, and
then enrolled at Arizona State University.
"One day I was having tea with a
friend, and a person walked past who you could tell at a glance was gay.
I made a discriminatory comment. My friend replied, 'I'm gay, too. Is
that the way you feel about me, Taka?’” Kawakami recounted.
“When he said that, I remembered
being discriminated against as an Asian person when I traveled in the
South," he said. "Especially because I had been the victim of prejudice
myself, I felt terrible shame, and I completely changed my position. As I
changed, my friends began to open up to me about the fact that they
were gay or lesbian."
John S Lander via Getty Images
A monk at Shunkoin stands in front of the temple's sliding door panels, which were painted by artist Eigaku Kano.
Kawakami majored in religious studies and psychology at Arizona
State, and lived in the U.S. for approximately eight years. In 2004, he
returned to Japan to start his ascetic training at the Zuiganji temple
in Miyagi prefecture, since having experience as a priest would help
prepare him for graduate school.
In 2006, Kawakami finished his
training and returned to Shunkoin, where he had the opportunity to give
an American acquaintance zazen meditation classes in English. Word got
out about the classes, and tourists started calling. In 2007, Kawakami
officially became deputy head priest at Shunkoin, and started offering
meditation classes to more and more English speakers.
The first person to ask about
same-sex wedding ceremonies was a woman from Spain who had visited
Shunkoin many times to learn about zazen meditation.
"'Can you hold wedding ceremonies
here?' she asked me," Kawakami recalled. "I told her, ‘Yes, we can.'
Then she said, 'I have one more question. My partner is a woman.' And I
responded, 'That's fine.'"
John S Lander via Getty Images
A
view of a garden at Shunkoin. The temple dates back to the 16th century
and was one of the most important places for Zen Buddhism in the early
20th century.
Kawakami looked over the sacred
texts of Mahayana Buddhism, and confirmed that such a wedding would not
contradict scripture. He expected to be criticized for holding the
ceremony, but was also sure that his willingness to hold same-sex
wedding ceremonies at the temple would support the LGBT cause by paving
the way for more acceptance in Japanese society.
"The reasons why LGBT people are not
accepted are different in the West than in Japan," Kawakami said. "In
Japan, there is no religious pressure from groups like Christian
conservatives. So you don’t see the same sort of strong opposition as in
the West. On the other hand, in
Japan, there is an underlying pressure to conform, a sense of ‘We are
all the same; we are all heterosexual’ -- and that makes it hard to live
as an LGBT person."
"I thought that if places such as my
temple could show that we actively accept same-sex marriage, it would
draw more attention to the problem," he added.
In 2010, the Spanish couple held a public wedding ceremony.
In the spring of 2014, Shunkoin
partnered with Hotel Granvia Kyoto to offer Buddhist wedding package
tours for LGBT couples. Five couples signed up that year. So far in
2015, eight couples have come to pledge their love, Kawakami said. Six
of the couples were from abroad, and two of the couples were Japanese --
two men, and two women.
"A lot of the couples are women.
This was the first year we had a couple where both individuals were
Japanese, which made me happy. I hope we get even more couples like them
in the future," Kawakami said.
John S Lander via Getty Images
Same-sex couples from around the world come to Kyoto to marry at Shunkoin temple.
Since the same-sex wedding ceremonies started at Shunkoin, Kawakami
has given lectures at General Electric and the University of Tokyo, and
has been invited to speak at other institutions.
"The missionary Luís Fróis recorded
that in the Warring States period, daimyo [lords] had sexual
relationships with their pages. Same-sex love is depicted in the shunga [erotic] art of the Edo period, and was accepted," Kawakami said.
"This changed during [the Meiji
period]. During the ‘Leave Asia, Join Europe’ phase, the definition of a
'civilized country' as a Protestant-based Western nation was blindly
imported, and it came to be thought that gay love was a sin. If we look
carefully at history, we can see that pre-Meiji Japan was 'gay
friendly,'" he added.
"We mustn't act as if it's all right
to cast the LGBT community aside because they're a minority group,"
Kawakami said. "According to surveys, 7.6 percent of Japan's population is LGBT.
That means about seven percent of the people in Japan don't have the
option to get married. This cannot lead to happiness in the country."
And it’s not just about gay rights,
Kawakami believes. Becoming a society where women, people with
disabilities, immigrants, and other minority groups can be happy is the
road to happiness for the whole country, he says.
This story originally appeared on HuffPost Japan. It has been translated into English and edited for clarity.
